THE URIBE LAB

Development and function of the Enteric Nervous System: The Gut Brain

Neural crest stem cell migration along vagal region of the zebrafish embryo shown in this confocal time-lapse movie, taken live between the 1st and 2nd day in development. The developing head is to the right. Neural crest cells migrate into the growing head and peripheral regions of the embryo as it grows. A heat map view of the neural crest stem cells highlights the cells (red-yellow-white colors) as they migrate into the neural crest-free regions of the embryo (blue). Neural crest stem cells transform into ENS by the 3rd day in development.

HOW DOES THE GUT BRAIN FORM FROM STEM CELLS?
The Uribe lab globally strives to understand how complex tissue systems are created from simple constituent components. This area, known as systems developmental biology, aims to increase fundamental knowledge of how living tissues, organs and, ultimately, organisms are constructed.

One current area of lab research focus is on understanding how the largest division of the peripheral nervous system, the Enteric Nervous System (ENS), is constructed during embryonic development from a stem cell population called the Neural Crest.

The ENS is composed of thousands of ganglia embedded within the walls of the gut. Each ganglia consists of diverse enteric neuron subtypes and glial cells, which together regulates gut peristalsis, water balance and hormone secretions. The number of neurons found within the ENS rivals the numbers of those found in the spinal cord, causing it to also be known as "the second brain." It is important to study development of the ENS so that we can understand not only how it forms and functions, but also to help us to understand how things go wrong in various gastrointestinal disease states (Hirschsprung disease, Achalasia), as well as neural crest stem cell defects, such as when neural crest become cancerous.

During zebrafish embryogenesis, neural crest cells, a migratory stem cell population, migrate into the primitive gut in two chains (as depicted below in schematic and timelapse video), eventually surround the gut tube and turn into neurons by the 5th day in development in order to form the ENS. Complex cellular, molecular, genetic and systems-level forces orchestrate neural crest transformation into enteric neurons that make up the ENS. Zebrafish are an excellent model system to investigate ENS development due to their rapid, transparent development, amenability to genetic manipulation and high-resolution live imaging. As shown in the cartoon and images below, zebrafish ENS development is rapid and enteric neurons are easily detected as early as a few days post fertilization (dpf).

Please see the Research Areas tab above for all of our research endeavors.

Time-lapse movie: Neural crest cells, marked by sox10:mRFP (Red Fluorescent Protein), migrate in chains caudally along the gut tube during the second day in development.

3D rendered image to show the gut tube of a 3 dpf larval fish. Freshly born enteric neurons are shown by expression of Phox2b (green) and HuC/D (red).

The Uribe lab is a member of:
The Gulf Coast Consortia (GCC), through the BioSciences Department, Rice University profiles.gulfcoastconsortia.org/profilesystem/editprofile.php?pid=4356&onlyview=1

The Gulf Coast Consortia Cluster for Regenerative Medicine and Single Cell Omics profiles.gulfcoastconsortia.org/profilesystem/editprofile.php?pid=3478&onlyview=1

The Institute of Biosciences and Bioengineering (IBB), Rice University
ibb.rice.edu/ibb-faculty

Funded by: Cancer Prevention & Research Institute of Texas http://www.cprit.state.tx.us, Rice University, American Cancer Society and the John S. Dunn Foundation johnsdunnfoundation.org via the Gulf Coast Consortia (GCC)